Thyroid Cancer Essay example -- essays research papers

The thyroid organ is the organ that makes and stores hormones that help control the pulse, circulatory strain, internal heat level, and digestion. Thyroid hormones are basic for the capacity of each cell in the body. They help direct development and the pace of synthetic responses in the body. Thyroid hormones additionally assist kids with developing and create. The thyroid organ is situated in the lower some portion of the neck, underneath the Adam's apple, folded over the trachea. It has the state of a butterfly with two flaps joined to each other by a center part called the isthmus. The thyroid uses iodine, a mineral found in certain nourishments and in iodized salt, to make its hormones. The two most significant thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The thyroid organ additionally makes the hormone calcitonin, which is associated with calcium digestion and invigorating bone cells to add calcium to bone. Thyroid caner is a malady where the phones of the thyroid organ become strange, develop wildly and structure a mass of cells called a tumor. A few tumors develop and broaden just at the site where they started. These sorts of tumors are alluded to as kindhearted tumors. Different tumors expand locally, yet they additionally can possibly attack and annihilate the typical tissues around them and to spread to different districts of the body. These sorts of tumors are called harmful tumors or disease.() Malignant tumors of the thyroid organ will in general grow steadily and stay restricted. The tumors generally show up as knobs or chunks of tissue developing on or inside the organ itself. Practically 95% of these irregularities or knobs are non-harmful (amiable), and are typically brought about by thyroid conditions, for example, goiters (Shin 422). The American Cancer Society assesses that there will be around 23,600 new instances of thyroid malignant growth in the U.S. in 2004 (Thacker y 1057). Ladies are multiple times bound to create thyroid malignant growth than men. In spite of the fact that the ailment likewise influences more youthful individuals, the vast majority who create thyroid malignant growth are more than 50 years old. Caucasians are influenced more frequently than African-Americans (Rubin 88).  â â â â There are four fundamental sorts of thyroid malignant growths: papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic. These tumors are recognized by the sort of cells seen under the magnifying instrument. Papillary thyroid tumors happen frequently. This sort of thyroid malignancy creates on one or b... ... individuals with thyroid malignant growth have no realized hazard factors. Along these lines it may not be conceivable to forestall it. Be that as it may, acquired instances of medullary thyroid malignant growth can be forestalled if radiation to the neck is kept away from (Longe 3308). In the event that a relative has had the infection, the remainder of the family can be testicles and rewarded early. The National Cancer Institute suggests an assessment for any individual who has gotten radiation to the head and neck territory during adolescence at time frames or two years. It is additionally suggested that the neck and the thyroid ought to be deliberately inspected for any bumps or expansion of the close by lymph hubs.  â â â â  â â â â  â â â â  â â â â â â â â â  â â â â Work Cited Longe, Jacqueline L. â€Å"Thyroid Cancer.† The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. second ed. 2001. Rubin, Alan L. Thyroid for Dummies. New York, NY: Hungry Minds, 2001. Shin, Linda M. Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Sourcebook. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 1998 Surks, Martin I. The Thyroid Book. Yonkers, NY: Consumer Reports Books, 1993 Thackery, Ellen. â€Å"Thyroid Cancer.†

Kalkidane Yeshak Essays (513 words) - Geography Of Africa

Kalkidane Yeshak 11/7/17 Perpetual Challenge Essay: Ladies in Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece both had a few similitudes and contrasts. Wo men in Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece both assumed constrained and enabling jobs. From the beginning of time , even today; ladies are viewed as the substandard sex, with a disparaging status contrasted with men. One of the numerous focal thoughts of Ancient Egyptian, is the idea of amicability and equalization in one's life. The most significant obligation was seen by the pharaoh, who was the go between the divine beings and the individuals. A good example for how one will carry on with a healthy lifestyle. Ladies in Egypt were the equivalents of men in pretty much every territory other than the occupations they had. Men battled, dealt with the homesteads, or they ran a legislature. Men hold numerous positions, for example, ruler, representative, general, and the man of the house. While, ladies cooked, sewed, and dealt with the house. Ladies could wed who they needed; separate from who they needed. Could have the occupations they needed; with the constraint of employments that aren't administered for ladies. What's more, they can go at their decision. Antiquated Egyptian couples likewise had prenuptial understandings which supported the lady more. On the off chance that a man started the sep aration he couldn't retaliate for endowments and needed to repay a specific aggregate. The offspring of the couple additionally went to the mother and the home, except if it was claimed by the spouse's family. Which implied the house was the spouses as it were. Ladies in Ancient Greece had just a couple of rights contrasted with the male residents of Greece. They couldn't cast a ballot, own property, or potentially acquire. A ladies' place was in the house, and her motivation in life was dealing with her youngsters. Sparta ladies were dealt with in an unexpected way, they needed to have compulsory physical preparing and were allowed land and could drink wine. Male commanded legends and writing frequently give ladies a role as troublemakers and made male the saint's that spared the powerless female characters. As in numerous other male-ruled and agrarian societies, female infants were destined to be surrendered during childbirth by their folks than their male posterity. Likewise, a definitive objective of a young lady's instruction was to get ready for her job in raising a family and not to help the female in scholarly turn of events. Females all wedded at youthful ages and were relied upon to wed being a virgin. The majority of the relation ships were masterminded by the dad in the family, tolerating endowments from the man's family. As you can peruse , a ladies' status in Egypt was truly best in class for any old development. Contrasted with the ladies' status in Ancient Greece, Egypt had it much better. Today, sexual orientation uniformity and the jobs that females play, has improved such a great amount from that point forward. We can improve by simply accepting that all sexual orientations are altogether equivalent. That it ought to be human issue and together it should influence all of us. That together we can make a more grounded society were everybody can be simply the best form.

The Most Important Book of My Reading Life

The Most Important Book of My Reading Life This is a guest post by our current Rioter in Residence, Kevin Smokler. Kevin  is the author of the essay collection  Practical Classics: 50 Reasons to Reread 50 Books you Haven’t Touched Since High School  (available now from Prometheus Books) and the editor of  Bookmark Now: Writing in Unreaderly Times, A San Francisco Chronicle Notable Book of 2005. His work has appeared in the LA Times, Fast Company, Paid Content, The San Francisco Chronicle, Publishers Weekly and on National Public Radio. Follow him on  Twitter  @weegee. _________________________ And The Band Played On by Randy Shilts, the definitive look at the first decade of the AIDS epidemic, was published in 1987. Shilts, national correspondent of the San Francisco Chronicle and the paper’s first openly gay staff member, had spent four years in research and reporting, accruing personal debt and publisher rejection. Today And the Band Played On has sold nearly a million copies, won fistfuls of awards, and was made into an HBO movie in 1993. In an assessment, historian Gary Wills wrote, “This book will be to gay liberation what The Feminine Mystique was to early feminism and Rachel Carsons Silent Spring was to environmentalism. It is also the most important book of my reading life. Had I not woken up, I would have missed it entirely. In the fall of 1993, I was twenty years old, a junior in college, hacking my way through a particularly cold autumn in Baltimore. I had declared my major “Writing Seminars,” which is just “creative writing” said with pretension. Reading was an activity assigned by professors, and reading for fun I had given up nearly 6 years before. I had loved books my entire life, but arriving at a hyper-competitive high school and being a hyper-ordinary teenage boy, I was more interested in my friends and girls and looping around town in a used Volvo I had inherited along with a learner’s permit. I also was angry that, thanks to the educators who looked out for me, books had gone from something fun to something assigned, dissected, and term-papered upon. I was mad at them for it and, by extension, mad at books. I was an idiot and a brat. In that cold autumn of 1993, my roommates were busily looking at medical school catalogs and preparing a confident march into the next phase of their lives. I had no idea what mine would be. Terrified of the end of school only eighteen months away, I had no time for any book or anything else that didn’t hold the answer to my future. I was lonely, confused, and scared. I had grown up with AIDS on the nightly news. Rock Hudson had already died from the disease, as had Queen lead singer Freddie Mercury, a personal hero. Rudolph Nureyev and Arthur Ashe had perished from it earlier that year. The HBO movie of And the Band Played On had just been released. I had not seen or heard of it. In early November, shortly after midterm exams, a friend loaned me the book. I do not remember why. In fact I remember little other than her saying, “You must read this” and “it’s easy. The chapters are short,” which was true. When I gave the usual argumentsâ€"too busy, lack of interest, mystification at reading being pleasure and not punishmentshe looked at me and asked something no one had before or has since. “I’m asking you to read this, to make time. This book is that important to me.” What she was really saying was, “If we are as good of friends as we say we are, read this. You will understand who I really am.” I set down the huge, intimidating book next to my bed, about the size and thickness of a TV dinner, and did as I was asked. I read one chapter, two to five pages, each night. Sometimes only a paragraph before the excuses came.   Finishing took the remainder of the school year and the first few weeks of summer. I did not fail out of school, nor did I miss out on anything I thought I should be doing instead. The book did not hold the answer to my future, but when I finished, through the anger, the shock, and the sorrow, what I said, out loud to the same empty room where my friend had first handed me the book, was this. “This is what I’ve been missing.” I have not stopped reading since. I owe And the Band Played On and Randy Shilts my whole adult life. This book has played some part in why I became a writer, why I live in San Francisco, why I value the written word the way that I do. More than that, it reminds me that we live our lives amongst others, and we may share nothing with them but our common makeup as a species. I was not an AIDS sufferer and didn’t know any AIDS sufferers. I was too young to understand the extent of the injustice being perpetrated against those who had the disease in the time period Randy Shilts covered. I found out about the displaying of the AIDS Quilt on the Mall in Washington in 1996 the day after it happened. Still, I reread And The Band Played On every few years. I’ve given every important person in my life a copy. It is the only answer I have for my most important book. And were it up to me, every high school student would be given a copy too, so they can witness its power and that of books without the same ignorance and resentment of them I had. And each year, I leave a copy of it at the AIDS Memorial Grove in San Francisco in honor of Randy Shilts, who perished from the disease in 1994. We are all busy people who must make time to read. It is worth asking why we would spend our time reading 650 pages on a disease three decades old that still kills hundreds of thousands of people a year, but who are now mostly poor, brown, and far away, people we will never know. My best answer: I believe that great literature (and music, and film, and theater) is exhilarating no matter how sad its subject. It reminds us of the bottomlessness of human creativity and passion, of what we can accomplish, of how rich our stories are, of genius like Randy Shilts’, and of how great books can free us from our own sillier, smaller selves. Like a thaw after a long winter, great books  remind us of what it means to be alive.   Every time I reread And the Band Played On, even all these years later, I need that reminding more. This piece was adapted from Kevin Smoklers Practical Classics, available now. 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Risk and Quality Management Assessment Summary - 1698 Words

Risk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Risk management is the practice of measuring risk and creating strategies to accomplish the risk. In ideal risk management, an arrangement process is shadowed whereby the risks with the maximum loss and extreme probability of happening are controlled first. However, the procedure can be hard, and maintaining between risks with high possibility of occurrence but lower loss and risks with high loss but lower possibility of occurrence can often be mismanaged. â€Å"Quality management is a systematic and continuous process that organizations use to deliver products and services that meet or exceed customer expectations. Quality management in healthcare has evolved over the year to address increased†¦show more content†¦The quality management of long-term care facilities will use the term â€Å"Total Quality Management†, because it improve and profits the organization and all people associated with it, by using processes, which continuously improve the quality of all prod ucts, services, and information (Capitman, Leutz, Bishop, Casler, 2013). Implementing Total Quality Management will improve customer satisfaction, improve productivity, improve profits, and lower cost. Following the idea of Total Quality Management would let a long-term care facility to influence its long-term and short-term goals. Eventually long-term goals quality improvements goals are to increase clinical quality, increase patient and family satisfaction, enhance patient result, and quality of life. As for short-term goals for long-term care facilities are to lower high-risk pressure ulcers, lessen the use of daily physical and chemical restrictions, improving pain management, and gaining staff retention. Numerous external and internal factors can influence the Long-Term Care facility’s capacity to reach quality improvement goals. â€Å"Internal factors are staffing levels and staff characteristics† (Institute of Medicine, 2013). Some internal factors that can cost quality improvement intention are management, organizational capacity, and environmental conditions. If a facility does not have the skill, numbers, positive management, and training, no matter what rules, regulations, andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Assessment Summary of Risk and Quality Management2038 Words   |  9 PagesAssessment Summary of Risk and Quality Management HCS/451 February 4, 2013 Assessment Summary of Risk and Quality Management As I was reading about Duke University Medical Center and here is what it said about quality improvement it is a â€Å"formal approach to the analysis of performance and systematic efforts for improvement† (2005). In different industries quality improvements are constructed differently. quality improvement is used in the field of medical it focuses on the safety of the patientsRead MoreQuality Management Assessment Summary Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesQuality Management Assessment Summary Stephanie Webb University of Phoenix March 8, 2011 HCS/451 Quality Management Assessment Summary Quality management is a systematic and continuous process that organizations use to deliver products and services that meet or exceed customer expectations (McLaughlin, amp; Kaluzny, 2006). Quality management in healthcare has evolved over the year to address increased demands from consumers related to the quality of care and services, as well as to addressRead MoreRisk and Quality Management1659 Words   |  7 PagesRisk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Kelly Hennessey HCS/451 02/18/2012 Lauri Rose Risk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Evergreen Woods health and rehabilitation center is located in Spring Hill Florida. The center has been serving Hernando County for over 25 years. Services that the center offers are: Post-acute services, Rehabilitative services, skilled nursing, Short and long term care through physical, occupational and speech therapists. The mission of Evergreen WoodsRead MoreProject Management Body Of Knowledge Industry Standards1576 Words   |  7 Pagesof project. My independent assessment of the project and practices related to it is based on the Project Management Body of Knowledge industry standard and is grounded in information that I have gathered from team members. The purpose of this report is to provide you with three options and a recommendation on corrective actions to drive the project forward and towards successful completion. The enclosed appendix encompasses my detailed analysis of the project and risks associated with each of theRead MoreProject Risk Management Plan1382 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Project Risk Management Plan PM/584 July 14, 2014 Project Risk Management Plan The purpose of the risk management plan is to identify any event or condition that may occur which could have a positive or negative affect on the project. Risks management is the process of identifying, assessing, responding to, monitoring, and reporting risks. The Risks Management Plan will define how risks associated with the Baderman Island Casino Hotel project will be identified, analyzedRead MoreRisk and Quality Management1593 Words   |  7 PagesRisk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Angelina L. Crudo HCS/451 University of Phoenix Lisa Kehlenbrink July 8, 2013 Risk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Risk management is about reducing the likelihood of errors with the aim of improving and monitoringRead MoreEvergreen Woods Health And Rehabilitation Center1624 Words   |  7 PagesRisk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Evergreen Woods health and rehabilitation center is located in Spring Hill Florida. The center has been serving Hernando County for over 25 years. Services that the center offers are: Post-acute services, Rehabilitative services, skilled nursing, Short and long term care through physical, occupational and speech therapists. The mission of Evergreen Woods health and rehabilitation center is to provide comprehensive services to meet the care of the residentsRead MoreChapter Seven : Project Management1122 Words   |  5 PagesCHAPTER SEVEN: PROJECT MANAGEMENT 7.0 Introduction A project is a unique set of interrelated activities having predefined goals which must essentially be accomplished by a particular time, within budget and in line with the user specifications. (Artto, K., et. al 2011) This chapter gives an overview on the project management structure that was used to ensure the project success in meeting with its set out goals and objectives and in finding an answer to the set project research question. 7.1 ProjectRead MoreInternal Management Information And Controls For Financial Crime1125 Words   |  5 Pagesreview of internal Management Information, produced in relation to our Anti Money Laundering procedures, it is apparent that immediate action is required to contain a possible failure of our systems and controls. I will list who I will liaise with, giving reasons why. 1. A paper will be circulated to the Board noting my intention to investigate our systems and controls for financial crime (including AML), the provision of AML MI and the identification and mitigation of AML risk. This is an immediateRead MoreReport of Seasonal Goods1608 Words   |  7 Pagespast four to five years, and reports on its conformity with the relevant Bank Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) and on the overall effectiveness of the specific CAS. CAS: A Country Assistance Strategy Document is the central tool of World Bank Management and the Board of Executive Directors for reviewing and guiding the World Bank Groups country programs and the vehicle for judging the impact of its work. Country Assistance Strategy is prepared in consultation with the country authorities and other

28 Serious Quotes From British Comedian Charlie Chaplin

Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977) became a star well before movies had sound. But his talent to turn the tragedies of everyday people into epic comedies has made him immortal on the silver screen as he played everything from a tramp to a buffoon dictator. The following quotes consist of Chaplins observations on his life, career, and the study of human nature. Charlie Chaplin on Laughter and a Positive Outlook A day without laughter is a day wasted.To truly laugh, you must be able to take your pain, and play with it!Youll never find a rainbow if youre looking down.Failure is unimportant. It takes courage to make a fool of yourself. On Despair and Tragedy Despair is a narcotic. It lulls the mind into indifference.I always like walking in the rain, so no one can see me crying.Life is a tragedy when seen in close-up, but a comedy in long-shot.Nothing is permanent in this wicked world, not even our troubles.The saddest thing I can imagine is to get used to luxury.We might as well die as to go on living like this. Chaplins Comedy and Career All I need to make a comedy is a park, a  policeman, and a pretty girl.I dont believe that the public knows what it wants; this is the conclusion that I have drawn from my career.I went into the business for the money, and the art grew out of it. If people are disillusioned by that remark, I cant help it. Its the truth.The basic essential of a great actor is that he loves himself in acting.Imagination means nothing without doing.Why should poetry have to make sense? On Human Nature A mans true character comes out when hes drunk.I am at peace with God. My conflict is with Man.I am for people. I cant help it.We think too much and feel too little.What do you want a meaning for? Life is a desire, not a meaning.We all want to help one another. Human beings are like that. We want to live by each others happiness, not by each others misery. On Beauty and Understanding I do not have much patience with a thing of beauty that must be explained to be understood.If it does need additional interpretation by someone other than the creator, then I question whether it has fulfilled its purpose. On Politics I remain just one thing, and one thing only, and that is a clown. It places me on a far higher plane than any politician.The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish.Dictators free themselves, but they enslave the people.Id sooner be called a successful crook than a destitute monarch.

Reliable Techniques for Buy Term Papers Online Canada That You Can Use Starting Today

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Status of Vaccine Research and Development †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Status of Vaccine Research and Development. Answer: Introduction By April 13th, 2016, there have been more than 28,000 cases of the Ebola Virus disease. Globalization and the acceptance of new forms of technologies and innovations are changing human relations with respect to the spread of viral diseases. The more social media penetrates the world economic sphere the more it is easier to contain such cases as that of Ebola. Social media is rapidly connecting the world and making instant communication a success and hence it is easy to take note of all the cases of the spread of the diseases as they happen. Of all the cases of Ebola virus, 11,000 were fatal, representing 40% of all the cases. Many of the Ebola cases were centered on Ghana, Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. The first significant outbreak of Ebola Virus occurred in West Africa and was the worst manifestation of the disease since it was first discovered. Globalization has aided in controlling the spread of the disease via the collaboration between mainstream and alternative media has s hall be elaborated. The theory of Diffusion and Innovation was developed by E.M Rodgers in 1962. The scientific theory helps in the understanding of phenomenon like the spread of infections among the populations. This is a theory that tends to explain how people react to an innovation whether it is an idea or something. It seeks to explain how, why and at what rate new ideas and technology spread(World Health Organization , 2018). The theory explains the channels and rates through which ideas spread and this explanation can be used to explain the rapid expansion of myelopathy. In the following case the object of study is the spread of Ebola among the populations at the wake of globalization and media penetration. Alternative media has grown and developed to become part of the society today(WHO, 2014). The study of the spread of technologies of social media among communities is pertinent to understanding the spread of the Ebola virus among populations. The specific area of interest is at the major leaning institutions and concentration centers where many people converge for common services. Rogers explains that people react to an innovation in varying rate. There are those who are interested in the technology itself and work around it to come up with new ideas. These people carry just 2.5% of the population in a unit area(UNICEF, 2018). These people are the innovators. From these comes an idea or a new way of doing something. The other category of people that he describes is the early adopters. There are people who are risk takers. They are quick to pick the idea from the innovators and try it out. They are interested in the use of the innovation. They consist of 13.5% of the population in a given area. These come second after the innovators(Trimble, 2018). The youth mostly fall in this category. When hybrid seeds here are used to proof this theory, the results were that the younger and the most educated were able to quickly adapt to the change and use the hybrid seeds(Stefano, et al., 2018). The youth take advantage of whatever the technology offers them and are eager to try it themselves without listening to others peoples encounter. They utilize the opportunities offered by the new things. This is not different when it comes to their response social media and other forms of the alternative media(CDC, 2018). They pay all it takes to be current and not to miss the trend. The youth are there to try the newest app in town. Some fall victims of peer pressure. Unknowingly some are trapped in the ugly side of the media while there are so many opportunities that one can have to developed their social life with the alternative media(Stefano, et al., 2018). The other categories are the early majority. These consist of 34% of the population per unit area. They are not as quick to try something as the early adopters are. They are the first group to introduce the innovation for use by the common people. They introduce it to be used for common purpose(Start Center , 2016). The late majority are another category of people. They try the innovation after it has been tried by everyone else and it has worked. They do not just try out something before many people have tried it and think it is good. They are also 34% in a given community(Pengcheng, et al., 2014). The last category of people is the laggards. These people are skeptical of change. They do not just take up new ideas. They are conservative in nature and eve ry innovation is avoided and looked at suspiciously. The laggards are mostly the old people. These are contained in 16% of a population. In case of alternative media, they are not interested in using new forms of technology(Miller, 2017). Rodgers (1962) demonstrates that there is a highly susceptible demographic to adoption of innovation. The youth in campus fall in the category of being young, educated, and so are nave to the new ways of technology(Mangan, 2018). The youth have the energy to try out something new and have the time to try out new experiences now and then. This can explain their ability to adopt the innovations even of alternative media. Sometimes these changes can be too extreme and harmful. They may go beyond the healthy levels and cause harm to the users. The youth will go into trying them out without a sense of skeptic(Lakea, et al., 2017). This poses a challenge to not only them that use these means but also the recipients the messages sent through that media. However, not all the innovations are harmful to the users. Even those who take long adopt a new idea have their own disadvantages too. Alternative media is affordable and non-professional. This makes it easier to access than the mainstream media. It allows for commenting and giving of additional information. This information can be opinionated and even if misleading some people can take it as the gospel truth(Lakea, et al., 2017). The additional information does not always have to be factual since some of it consists of opinions. In the case of the online platform, the controversial information will go viral. As long as the publisher has many viewers, the search engine will rate their information among the top most and the most important ones even when they are not morally right(Johnson, 2018). There is a sense of accountability that comes with the mainstream media publications since they may lose revenue from advertiser if they do not have it. However, this is different when it comes to the alternative media. They are interested in the mass appeal. Morality therefore gets out question as long as the material is goo d enough to sell. In the current generation, media users are interested in the raw information(Future Scan , 2015). They want unedited bloody scenes. Sex sells is the phrase for many and this end up corrupting the media platforms and largely affects the media decisions. The aspect of social responsibility is overlooked in the alternative media. Just an alert can draw attention to millions of viewers. Information that is not well researched can become misleading. Some of the alternative media platforms such as wiki are not recognized as credible sources of academic research yet are one of the most pronounced and most visited websites(CDC, 2018). There is that information that can be published in the same but with the skeptical attitude created that information is not considered credible. The alternative media platforms value audience more than anything else does. Their goal is to get more viewership. Some of the listeners are manipulated to recreate reality. This may lead to compromise of the content of the posts that they do(CDC, 2017). The result of this is that, at the end of the day those who least contributed to the compromise end up being affected. In the case of collaborative journalism, the consumers are allowed to add, delete, or edit materi als posted in the websites. Misleading and malicious information can therefore be included. The low cost of internet cost makes the youth even those who are not employed to easily access even the streaming media. There are so many internet access points such as dial-up, landline, Wi-satellites, and cell phones. In campuses, the youth take advantage of public places of internet access such as libraries and internet cafes(Boyle, 2017). The attempt to define morality has posed challenges to the scholars and researchers of the same field. This controversy has led to research h, which has led to development of different explanations, and definition of what morality is(Boyle, 2017). The individuals have categorized the definitions according to the nature of their argument. These have been labeled as descriptive and normative modes of definitions of morality. Some schools of thought describe it as particular codes of conduct proposed by a group or a society like a particular religion and adopted by individuals for their behavior. The description has been criticized many other schools of thought(Lakea, et al., 2017). The argument put forth for criticism is that not all codes qualify as codes of conduct. Various societies and groups have different means of conducting their behaviors in reaction to the spread of the myelopathy. Some of the methods entail the carrying out of different roles by different people. It is not obvious that all codes are moral codes. This form of defining morality is therefore termed as descriptive. The other definition of morality takes a normative sense. It varies from the description of morality as just codes(Stefano, et al., 2018). In this case, the definition of morality remains a code of conduct accorded specific conditions and put forward by all rational people. Not all moral codes qualify as markers of moral ity. The definition of morality in terms of the spread of the Ebola Virus is developed from two perspectives that vary. The two varying perspectives are combined to come up with a more complete one. Morality is defined as the most essential code of conduct put forth and accepted by any group or by any individual. In this case, what a society or the individual accepts has to be considered something of importance. In our traditional society such codes related to how one treats others. How they conduct themselves in different occasions and what the society expected of them. For example; it was a moral obligation of the youth to give way to the elders. They were supposed to give up their seats to the elders and remain standing where the seats were not enough whether in a function or in vehicles(Lakea, et al., 2017). This however does not hold any longer in our society today. It has been challenged by relativism, which is a component of postmodernism. Postmodernism is one of the major factors that mark the shift to new media. New media is characterized by being digital and interactive, a character so evident in the alternative media. There exists no code of conduct that holds in this current age. Skepticism is the order of the day where rules exist and everything is questioned. Unless something is testable, it does not qualify to be a truth, and even if it is, it is only to those who can proof it. Alternative media has acted as a catalyst in this moral revolution(Johnson, 2018). This is clearly illustrated by sexual revolution where the common trend of sex only for married couple was respected in the past but now it is a non-issue. The youth have lifted what is offered to them by their daily companion. They have adopted the alternative media platforms and have sought to impose it to their lives. This has had a variety of results including negative ones. The youth has been conformed to the lifestyles in the media. Globalization plays a major role in the creation of new avenues for preventive medicine as opposed to curative medicine. Social media sites are responsible for increasing awareness about the outbreak and the spread of such diseases as the Ebola virus. Gregg talks of moral absolutism. This as he explains is the idea that there are moral values that exist in the universe at large that transcend any human or locality and could in theory be discovered or have been discovered. However, the idea however has been disputed by many people and especially those in the current postmodernism society. There are those who argue that since there is no standard for determining the absolutism of these moral codes then it does not exist. The other view that he discusses is moral relativism. In this view, the moral code is seen as constructed in its local or cultural context and one cannot apply judgments from one context to another. In moral relativism, whatever course of action one ought to take is de termined by their values and their culture. There is no solid rule that guides people on how to live. References Batti, R. (2013). Perioperative Nursing and Education: What the IOM Future of Nursing Report Tells Us. AORN Journal, 98(3), 249-259. Boyle, D. (2017). Nursing Specialty Certification and Patient Outcomes: What We Know in Acute Care Hospitals and Future Directions. Journal of the Association for Vascular Access, 22(3), 137-142. CDC. (2017, December 12). Center for Disease Control and Preention . Immunization Retrieved December from : www.cdc.gov/preconception/careforwomen/immunization.html CDC. (2018, February 3). Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Deaths and Mortality Retrieved from : www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm Fleming, C. (2013, October 10). October Health Affairs Issue: Economic Trends and Quality Trade Offs . Health Issues Retrieved from : www.mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#search/185843353/15b94aef55bce586?projector=1 Future Scan . (2015). FutureScan 2015. New York : Future Scan . Johnson, D. (2018, January 9). American Babies Are Less Likely to Survive Their First Year Than Babies in Other Rich Countries. Time Magazine Retrieved from : www.time.com/5090112/infant-mortality-rate-usa/ Lakea, D., K.Engelke, M., A.Koskoa, D., Roberson, D. W., Fany, J., Feliciana, J., et al. (2017). Nicaraguan and US nursing collaborative evaluation study: Identifying similarities and differences between US and Nicaraguan Curricula and Teaching Modalities Using the Community Engagement Model. Nurse Education Today, 51(1), 34-40. Mangan, D. (2018, January 8). US has the Worst Rates of Child Mortality Among 20 Rich Nations . CNBC Retrieved from: www.cnbc.com/2018/01/08/us-has-worst-rate-of-child-mortality-among-20-rich-nations.html Miller, B. (2017, April 24). Creating a Culture of Whole Health: A Realistic Framework for Advancing Behavioural Health and Primary Care Together. Health Affairs Blog Retrieved from About : www.mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#search/185843353/15b94aef55bce586?projector=1 Pengcheng, L., Chengyue, L., Ying, W., Wei, Z., Hua, W., Honghui, W., et al. (2014). The Impact of the Major Causes of Death On Life Expectancy in China: A 60-year Old Longitudinal Study. BMC Public Heath, 10(14), 1-30. Start Center . (2016). Straytegic Analysis Research and Training Center . Wachington: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Stefano, F., Davis, R., Jackson, L., Thompson, R., Mullolly, J., Black, B., et al. (2018). The Vaccine Safety Data Link: Immunization Research in Health Maintenance Organizations. Immunization Safety, 78(2), 186-195. Trimble, M. (2018, January 11). U.S. Kids More Likely to Die Than Kids in 19 Other Nations . Best Countries Retrieved from : www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2018-01-11/us-has-highest-child-mortality-rate-of-20-rich-countries UNICEF. (2018). Sustainability of Achievements: Lessons Learned from Universal Child Immunization. New York: UNICEF. WHO. (2014). Status of Vaccine Research and Development of Vaccines for RSV . New York : WHO. World Health Organization . (2018, March 17). World Health Organization . 10 Causes of Death Retrieved from Top: www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index3.html

Corporate Web Presence Essays - E-commerce, Marketing, Internet

Corporate Web Presence Advantages and disadvantages of a Web Presence The World Wide Web is a World Wide Market. It is a new way of selling. More and more customers expect to find your product news and specifications on the web. But even on the Net, you have to advertise your product. Using Internet as a media to advertise your product is different from traditional media. Through Internet companies can be present all over the world. Using the web as an advertising tool is the cheapest way to be discovered at every time. You can also quickly change your promotional campaign, in order to gain attention that may lead the consumer to the product. Online services become so popular because they provide two major benefits to potential buyers: Convenience: Customers can order products 24 hours a day wherever they are. They don't have to sit in traffic, find a parking space, and walk through countless aisles to find and examine goods. And they don't have to drive all the way to a store, only to find out that the desired product is out of stock. Information: Customers can find reams of comparative information about companies, products, and competitors without leaving their office or home. They can focus on objective criteria such as prices, quality, performance, and availability. Customers can expect the advantage to pull the information, to be drained into detailed catalog or other information about products and services for sale that they are looking for. They do not feel forced, they are looking for the information by themselves. Nevertheless it seems that Web advertising is much more price than image oriented. Web advertising does not seem the appropriate way to advert a product. According to BMRB International (annex 1) 37% of UK Net shoppers are not ready to purchase off-line They always fear to give their account number to a company they do not know. Today a well-known brand is a real competitive advantage. BRMB International has shown that 16% of purchases has done thanks to an implicit trust of established brands. Nevertheless it does not mean that it will stay an advantage in the future. Moreover the difference with more traditional media is that customers come to you and not you to the customers. You cannot retain their attention if they feel that it does not worth it. When you wish to expand your market share trough Internet, you have to consider the specificity of your target audience. At the present time people who buy through Internet are young, daily users of computers. But there are not only people used to Internet. Because e-business is growing up (annex 2), we can assume that most people have no experience in e-business. The audience can be both good Internet users and beginners. Dealing with communication interaction Security The World Wide Web is the fastest growing part of the Internet. Increasingly, it is also the part of the Internet that is the most vulnerable to attack. For users, a secure web server is one that will safeguard any personal information (bank account number) that is received or collected. It is one that supports their privacy and will not subvert browser to download viruses or other rogue programs onto their computer For a company, a secure web server is resistant to a determined attack over the Internet or from corporate insiders. In order to increase security, you can use a system for automatically encrypting information as it is sent over the Internet and decrypting it before it is used. One of Netscape Communication's early innovations was its SSL. You can also use firewalls, which is a device that isolates an organization's internal network from the Internet at large, allowing specific connections to pass and blocking others. Marketing / Communication It is really important to get people inform of the existence of your web site. You will have to shout it from the roof tops! You can use your letterhead, your cards or your leaflets to write your web address. You can also through a TV or board advertising campaign let people know about your site existence. As Jim Sterne says: "your web site can be funny, pretty, useful, crisp and clean, but if you don't promote it, its message won't be seen". By the way you can also manage to register different key words on browsers in order to put make know your web site when people look for information in your business area. Deliveries and Payment If you use e-commerce on your website, once the buyer has searched through a

Hitler essays

Hitler essays On the twentieth of April in the year 1889, a day like all others, Alois Hitler and his wife Klara, which was his third, gave birth to Adolf Hitler. When Adolf was young, he was in a choir and he even actively went to church. Academically he was a good student, receiving good grades in his classes, but he failed German and Mathematics in his the last year. He did, however, achieve in Gym and Drawing class. At an age of 16, he dropped out of school to become either an artist or an architect. He moved to Vienna, Austria to attempt to get into the Academy of Arts. He failed every time he tried to join. He was somewhat skilled in drawing however the drawings lacked imagination, creativity, and originality. The Dean of this academy said that Adolf would never become a painter. This rejection led Adolf to a plunging downfall, for he couldnt apply to the school of architecture, due to a lack of a diploma. Many Historians say that if the Academy would have accepted him, the world m ight have not gone through the nightmare that it went through. Hitler was economically unable to maintain just by selling drawn pictures of famous landmarks on post cards. He read a paper, which gave him the ideas of blaming the Communists and the Jews for all the problems in the world. In the year 1913 he moved to Munich because he felt that the Germans were superior and were destined to rule the world. In 1914 when the Great War broke out, Hitler volunteered for the Imperial army of Germany. He was skilled in the martial arts, receiving many awards. However, when Germany lost the war and surrendered, Hitler was very enraged. He believed that the Jews and the Communists betrayed and sold out Germany. Germany was full of anarchy after the war. Many conflicting governments started to arise. Since Germany was in a depression, employment was limited. Hitler remained in the army and was assigned to jobs of meeting various groups of gove...

Social work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social work - Essay Example The beauty of both theories is that both, almost in the same way, believe in the clients’ desire to solve the problems, and both aim to improve the problem solving skills of the clients, thus promoting independence instead of dependency. The Applicability with Diverse Groups The beauty of these two approaches, according to Hepworth, Rooney and GD Rooney et al (2009, p. 364) is their applicability with different groups, especially the poor, minority and ethnocultural groups. This is largely because they emphasise on the right of clients to identify issues and focus on empowering the marginalised clients. In addition, they are helpful in removing the barriers to multicultural clinical practices as they largely accept the clients’ view of problems. However, the advantage of crisis intervention strategy and task centered approach is their use with different populations. Researchers like James (2008, p. 39) are of the belief that crisis intervention has universal application to people of color as it is common for people of color to experience crisis and due to barriers of culture, ethnicity, and racism. By the time they seek help, the issue will be in a chronic state. This approach has six stages namely: defining the problem, ensuring client safety, providing support, examining alternatives, making plans, and obtaining commitment (ibid). Now, it becomes evident that both the approaches are highly beneficial tools in social work as both believe in the centeredness of individuals and both are based on the theory of empowering the clients to manage their situation themselves, thus promoting independence instead of dependency. Below are certain features that make these approaches more preferable in social situations. The Patient Centeredness Both the approaches are patient-centered in nature. The task centered approach believes in the ability of the clients to solve their problems themselves or to ameliorate their issues to a tolerable level. The task cent ered approach is based on the assumption that most people possess adequate skills and resources to solve their problems themselves. In addition, it is believed that people have their innate desire to solve their problems. Problems arise in individual, family or social spheres that can block the resolution of problems. The task centered approach believes that people have the inborn capabilities to solve their problems or to remodel the situation to a tolerable level. Similarly, crisis intervention method too is based on the assumption that intervention becomes necessary when an individual is not able to manage the disorganisation and confusion caused by a crisis. This too accepts the fact that crisis can arise in families, groups, communities, and nations. In fact, both the approaches concentrate on empowering the patient, improving the level of functioning, and developing a place for handling crisis. In addition, both believe in the active participation of clients and both are short -term in nature. The purpose of the two approaches is to regain the lost equilibrium in the client’s life. The specialty of these approaches is the total participation of the clients in the procedure, and the success of the approaches is fully dependent on the client’s readiness to perform the tasks they are assigned. In both the cases, once the tasks and goals are set, there are regular meetings to monitor progress and to offer support in the effort to achieve the goals. The skills at this juncture required for a social

Investing in Savings Bonds Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Investing in Savings Bonds - Coursework Example They have been done on an annual basis from January 2011 to January 2012. The calculations are for $ 50, $ 100, $ 500, and $ 5,000. Series Denom Issue date Next accrual Final maturity Issue price Interest Interest rate Value EE $ 50 01/2011 02/2012 01/2041 $ 25.00 $ 0.12 0.60% $ 25.12 EE $ 100 01/2011 02/2012 01/2041 $ 50.00 $ O.24 0.60% $ 50.24 EE $ 500 01/2011 02/2012 01/2041 $ 250.00 $ 1.20 0.85% $ 251.20 EE $ 5000 01/2011 02/2012 01/2041 $ 2,500.00 $ 12.00 0.60% $ 2,512.00 EE $ 50 01/2011 02/2012 01/2041 $ 50.00 $ 0.76 3.06% $ 50.76 EE $ 100 01/2011 02/2012 01/2041 $ 100.00 $ 1.52 3.06% $ 101.52 EE $ 500 01/2111 02/2012 01/2041 $ 500.00 $ 7.60 3.06% $ 507.60 EE $ 5,000 01/2011 02/2012 01/2041 $ 5,000.00 $ 76.00 3.06% $5,076.00 EE savings bonds EE Savings bonds are low risk savings that are safe and pay interests basing on the current market rates. These savings bonds may be purchased directly via TreasuryDirect. If one is a owner of an account in TreasuryDirect then he can purcha se, manage, and redeem the bonds through a web browser (Thau, 20010. These savings bonds can be used to fund education, complement retirement income, and offered as a gift. The current interest rate of these savings bonds is at 0.60% which is a fixed rate. The minimum purchase is $ 25 while the maximum is $ 10,000. E savings bonds This savings were introduced in 1941. These savings bonds were being promoted as war bonds by the government of United States between 1941 and 1980. The minimum purchase is $ 25 while the maximum is $ 10,000. These savings bonds were advertised through the media and other channels thus they became popular during those times until 1980.in 1980 the series was substituted by the EE savings bonds. The savings bonds had two maturity periods of 40 years and 30 years respectively (Lasser, 2011). I savings bonds These are the newest savings bonds and they are almost similar to the EE bonds. The difference between the two comes in the calculation of their reset int erest rates. These begin earning interest immediately after issue. These savings binds can be redeemed at any time after a one year holding period. Their security is accrual-type and if they have any interest it is usually included to the bond every month. They are low risk and they earn interest while at the same time protecting the owner from inflation. They may be purchased via TreasuryDirect or with IRS tax refund. They can also be purchased directly from ones web browser. The least purchase for this is $ 50 while buying paper bonds with IRS tax refund and $ 25 when purchased directly via TreasuryDirect. The maximum value that can be purchased is $ 10,000 in TreasuryDirect and $ 5,000 with IRS tax refund. Their current rates are at 3.06% and this will remain all through to the end of April 2012 (Lasser, 2011). Savings Notes These are also referred to as freedom shares. They were issued at a discount of 81 percent of the face amount which could vary. The savings notes were mainly introduced to encourage people in United States to save by investing. This began in 1967 whereby they came alongside the E series savings bonds. They are redeemable at anywhere any time at the most recent semiannual accrual value. The original maturity for this was four and half years however there are optional extensions of two 10-year periods (Thau, 2001). The savings notes

Factors affecting employee commitment

Factors affecting employee commitment Over the last ten years, the study of commitment has advanced in many different directions. A variety of disciplines have adopted the topic as a theme in their research and these have offered fresh and significant insights. These recent advances include new approaches to both the conceptualization of employee commitment and the particular human resource practices intended to increase it. Current research concerning employee commitment highlights the pitfalls of viewing commitment as a one-dimensional construct that can be enhanced by a particular human resource policy. This assumes that a particular practice, for example offering flexible working arrangements or more training, will have a significant and beneficial effect on employee commitment. Unfortunately, in practice it is not that simple because there is no single solution. All employees wants and needs cannot be addressed by a single policy. The effective functioning of an organization highly depends on the commitment of its employees. In fact, the commitment of employees may be a key factor that determines the success of a company in the modern world since, in the situation of the growing competition and the constant implementation of new technologies a company needs to have well-qualified and reliable personnel to maintain its position in the market. At the same time, the effectiveness and productivity of work of employees still remain the major factors that can contribute to the progress of the company. On the other hand, nowadays it is obvious that financial stimuli solely can hardly motivate employees to work more effectively and productively. In such a situation, employees commitment turns to be of a paramount importance since it is due to the high commitment of employees they can perform positive results of their work, increase its effectiveness and productivity, while low commitment leads, as a rule, to poor results of the functioning of the entire organization. DEFINATION OF TERMS. COMMITMENT Meyer Allen 2001 define commitment as is a stabilizing force that acts to maintain behavioural direction when expectancy/equity conditions are not met and do not function. An obliging force which requires that the person honor the commitment even in the face of fluctuating attitudes and whims. (Brown 1996) The relative strength of an individuals identification with and involvement in a particular organization (Mowday et al 1979) According to Salancik (1977) commitment is a state of being in which an individual becomes bound by his action to beliefs that sustain his activities and his own involvement Allen meyer,1990, commitment is a psychological state that binds the individual to the organization. EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT It is the psychological bond of an employee to an organization, the strength of which depends on the degree of employee involvement, employee loyalty and belief in the values of the organization. As defined by Poter (1974) Employee commitment is the relative strength of the individuals identification with and involvement in a particular organization. It consists of three factors:A strong desire to remain a member of the organization; A strong belief in, and acceptance of, the values and goals of the organization A readiness to exert considerable effort on behalf of the organization MODELS OF COMMITMENT A THREE MODEL CONCEPTUALIZATION OF ORGANIZATION COMMITMENT. This model of organizational commitment model was developed by Meyer and Allen. According to the model, organizational commitment reflects at least three general themes. 1.Affective commitment to the organization 2.Continuance Commitment The perceived cost associated with leaving it 3.Normative Commitment- The obligation to remain with it. Affective Commitment Its the employees emotional attachment to, identification with and involvement in the organization. Employees with a strong affective commitment continue employment with the organization because they want to. Continuance Commitment The individual commits to the organization because he/she perceives high costs of losing organizational membership including economic costs (such as pension accruals) and social costs (friendship ties with co-workers) that could be incurred. The employee remains with the organization because he/she has to. I t refers to an awareness of the costs associated with leaving the organization. The potential cost of leaving an organization include the threat of wasting the time and effort spent acquiring non transferable skills, losing attractive benefits, giving up seniority based privileges or having to uproot family and disrupt personal relationships. It also develops as a result of lack of alternative employment opportunities. Employees in this category remain because they need to. NORTMATIVE COMMITMENTS Refers to a feeling of obligation to continue employment . Employees in this category remain in the organization because they feel they ought to. Organization can develop normative commitment by providing reward in advance e.g. paying college tuition. Normative pressures may also make an individual feel that they ought to remain within the organization. Acknowledging these investments makes employees feel a sense of obligation to reciprocate by committing themselves to the organization until the debt has been paid . One important point is that not all forms of employee commitment are positively associated with superior performance (Meyer Allen, 1997). For example, an employee who has low affective and normative commitment, but who has high continuance commitment is unlikely to yield performance benefits. The main reason such an employee remains with an organisation is for the negative reason that the costs associated with leaving are too great. THE HIGH COMMITMENT MODEL. ( IN STRATEGIC HRM.) This model embraces workforce commitment and identification with the organizations values and goals. The main features of high commitment model are 1. Development of career ladders and emphasis on trainability and commitment as highly characteristic of employees at all levels in the organization. 2. A high level of functional flexibility with the abandonment of potentially rigid job descriptions. 3. The reduction of hierarchies and the ending of status differentials. 4. Heavy reliance on the team structure for dissemination of information (team building) structure work and problem solving. 5. Job design as something management consciously does in order to provide jobs which have a considerable level of intrinsic motivation. 6. A policy of no compulsory layoff or redundancies and use of permanent employee with possible use of temporary workers to cushion fluctuation in the demand for labour. 7. New forms of assessment and pay system and more specifically merit pay profit sharing 8. A high involvement of employees in the management of quality. CONCEPTUALISATION OF COMMITMENT: MODEL DEVELOPED BY OREILLY AND CHATMAN. (1986) OReilly and Chatman(1986) developed their multidimensional framework on the basis of the assumption that commitment represents an attitude towards the organization. For them, commitment takes on three distinct forms, which they labeled 1. Compliance 2. Identification 3. Internalization Compliance occurs when attitudes and corresponding behaviors are adopted in order to gain specific rewards. E.g being very considerate towards people so that you get that promotion Identification occurs when an individual accepts influence to establish or maintain a satisfying relationship Relationship / Internalization occurs when influence is accepted because the attitudes and behaviors one is being encouraged to adopt are congruent with existing values. Employees thus become committed to organizations which they share value e.g. an organization that encourages integrity is likely to win the commitment of an individual who believes in integrity. TYPES OF COMMITMENT . OMalley (2000) contends that a review of the commitment literature produces five general factors which relate to the development of employee commitment: Affiliative Commitment: An organizations interests and values are compatible with those of the employee, and the employee feels accepted by the social environment of the organization. Associative Commitment: Organizational membership increases employees self-esteem and status. The employee feels privileged to be associated with the organisation. Moral Commitment: Employees perceive the organization to be on their side and the organization evokes a sense of mutual obligation in which both the organization and the employee feel a sense of responsibility to each other. This type of commitment is also frequently referred to in the literature as Normative Commitment. Affective commitment: Employees derive satisfaction from their work and their colleagues, and their work environment is supportive of that satisfaction. Some researchers (eg Allen Meyer, 1991) suggest that this is the most important form of commitment as it has the most potential benefits for organizations. Employees who have high affective commitment are those who will go beyond the call of duty for the good of the organization. In recent literature this form of commitment has also been referred to as engagement and is the form of commitment that is most usually measured by organizations. Structural commitment: Employees believe they are involved in a fair economic exchange in which they benefit from the relationship in material ways. There are enticements to enter and remain in the organization and there are barriers to leaving. This type of commitment is also frequently referred to in the literature as Continuance Commitment. FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT. The workplace is a dynamic field and to remain competitive, employee commitment is important..The following factors affect employee comittemnt: Workplace values. If employees believe that their organization values quality products they will engage in behaviors that will contribute to high quality. If employees are convinced that their organization values participation they will be more likely to feel as though their participation will make a difference. They will thus be motivated and be more willing to seek solutions and make suggestions to contribute to the organization success. Subordinate supervisor interpersonal relationship. Supervisors behavior include sharing appropriate information, allowing mutuality of influence, recognizing and rewarding good performance and not abusing the vulnerability of others . The extent to which the supervisor displays these behaviors will thus largely determine subordinate commitment level Job characteristics. The extent that a job is structured to provide regular feedback and autonomy as well as a sense of task completion An increase in perceived control strengthens emotional bonds with an organization. A heightened sense of personal control has a positive consequence for employees attitudes and behaviors at work. When tasks are Intrinsically satisfying, employees tend to be more committed. Commitment is low when employees are given repetitive routine tasks to complete. A job that allows a high degree of autonomy and the absence of close supervision increases commitment. Demographics AGE. A range of demographic variables have been found to be related to employee commitment (Mathieu Zajac, 1990). For a variety of reasons, age has been found to be a positive predictor of employee commitment. As Mathieu Zajac (1990) suggest, the older employees become, the less alternative employment options are available. As a result, older employees may view their current employment more favourably. Dunham et al. (1994) suggest older employees may be more committed because they have a stronger investment and greater history with their organization. GENDER: With regard to gender, a number of studies (eg Mathieu Zajac, 1990) have reported women as being more committed than men. This is typically explained by women having to overcome more barriers than men to get to their position in the organization. MARITAL STATUS Marital status has also been shown to relate to commitment, with married employees usually showing more commitment (Mathieu Zajac, 1990). However, it is suggested that the reason for this is because married employees will typically have greater financial and family responsibilities, which increases their need to remain with the organization. Note, however, that this refers to structural commitment (or continuance commitment) in that the cost associated with leaving the organization increases commitment to the organization. As mentioned previously, structural commitment does not necessarily relate to increased performance. Recruitment Procedures OMalley (2000) suggests that organizations need to pay more attention to addressing employees social need to affiliate and belong, in order to create commitment, the organization must have the right sort of employees in the first instance. Employees feelings of belonging start to develop long before employees join the organization. The following information should be shared with employee to enhance commitment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ share details about the organization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ provide employees with help and support throughout the recruitment and selection process à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ convey the interests and values that the organization shares with employees. Organizations need to be attractive to the right sort of people; thus the initial contact between the organization and the prospective candidate is very important. DEVELOPING AN EMPLOYER BRAND. As Troy (1998) points out, increasingly organizations are attempting to communicate with prospective employees in a coherent manner by developing an employer brand The brand should condense the basic nature of the organization, what its values are and what it would be like to work there. The principal purpose of the brand is to efficiently bring employers and employees together in order to establish a relationship. Thus, a good brand should convey both the unique benefits of the organizational environment and the type of person who is likely to do well in that setting. The organization must then ensure that it delivers these promises to its employees, or its efforts will have been wasted. Employers should, therefore, devote a portion of the selection process to assessing cultural fit. Met Expectations Employees will be more committed if there is a good match between what the person is looking for in a job, and what the job provides . Commitment will be greater when employees experiences on the job match their expectations. Unmet expectations are a source of low morale and dissatisfaction. Such expectations usually relate to the type of work employees are given to do and the opportunities they receive for training and development. Factors affecting commitment. By Kochan and dyan as cited by Armstrong 2005. 1. Strategic level -supportive business strategies -Top management value of commitment -Effective voice of HR in strategy making Supportive business strategies may include activities that increase employee involvement thus reinforcing commitment. When top management is commited to its employees the employees too become commited. Fair human resource policies e.g a policy of promotion based on merit will also increase commitment 2. Hr policy level -staffing based on employment stabilization investing on training and development -continent compensation that reinforces cooperation Training increases employees efficiency making them more commited because they enjoy what they do.(Affective commitment) 3. Workplace level Selection based on high standards -Job design and team work -employee involvement in problem solving -climate of cooperation and trust. Selecting people with the right skills for a job will ensure that the employee remains commited as they will be efficient in their duties. Efficiency increases commitment. Designinh jobs e.g allowing flexi time,job enlargement,job enrichment and job rotation ensures that monotony is kept at bay and commitment is enhanced Other factors that affect employee commitment by Purcell et al (2003 in Armstrong ,2005) include i. Received training last year ii. Are satisfied with career opportunities iii. Are satisfied with performance appraisal system Think managers are good in people management (Leadership) v. Find work challenging vi. Think their form helps them achieve a work-life balance vii. Are satisfied with communication or company performance Benefits of employee commitment High level of employee commitments means that employees are really enthusiastic about their job and, their performance will be better as well as the effectiveness and productivity of their work higher. Employee commitment also evokes a profound interest of an employee to his/her work. This means that he/she enjoys the job he/she does. Consequently, the level of employees satisfaction will be high if they are really committed to their work. Employee commitment may be also cost saving since committed employees are highly motivated that means that they do not need increasing financial rewards for their work, though it does not necessarily mean that employees should not receive financial rewards at all, but the expenses of the organization at this point may decrease. The performance benefits accrued from increased employee commitment have been widely demonstrated in the literature. To list but a few, these include: i. increased job satisfaction (Armstrong 2005) ii. increased job performance (Mathieu Zajac, 1990) iii. increased total return to shareholders . iv. increased sales (Barber et al., 1999) v. decreased employee turnover (Cohen, 1991) decreased intention to leave decreased intention to search for alternative employers (Cohen, 1993) vii. decreased absenteeism (Cohen, 1993, Barber et al. 1999) Employee commitment should be viewed as a business necessity. Organizations who have difficulty in retaining and replacing competent employees will find it hard to optimize performance. There are not only the immediate expenses of the recruitment process, but other hidden costs such as management time and lost productivity as new employees take time to become effective in their roles. Commitment also has the following effects: 1. I t results in self directed( self initiave) application to do the job 2. regular attendance, 3. nominal supervision 4. a high level of effort 5. it increases the intention to stay- loyalty NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF LOW EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT. Low commitment of employees may lead to negative results and undermine the normal functioning of an organization or, at any rate, decrease the effectiveness of work of employees considerably. The low employee commitment has a number of disadvantages which deteriorate the work of each employee and the entire organization (OMalley 2000). Low commitment leads to the low level of interest of employees in their work. Consequently, if employees are not sufficiently interested in their work they will naturally work worse than they can. In other words, the low commitment decreases the effectiveness and productivity of work for employees are not really interested in their work and its outcomes. Naturally, in such a situation, they can hardly be interested in a positive performance of the organization they work for. MEASURING EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT . This can be done through an attitude survey, employee satisfaction survey, employee commitment survey and performance appraisals. Questioners are usually administered to collect relevant data that management later uses when deciding ways of increasing employee commitment. Sample of a questioner attached(Annex 1) WAYS OF ENHANCING EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT Organizations can use various strategies to increase employee commitment. This strategies include: Induction and Training The induction programme should be the final step of the recruitment and selection process. A good induction programme will make new employees more familiar with and more at ease within the organization. Employees enter the organization with an assumption of compatibility and should be welcomed. Relationships with Managers This refers to how the quality of the relationship between managers and their employees relates to the development of commitment. Employees commitment reflects their day to day contacts with their line managers about their job, and the way in which objective targets are set. Effective communication on job-related issues is a key ingredient in securing individual performance. To a great extent, individual line managers are responsible for ensuring that these maintenance behaviours occur. With poor management, the most well developed organizational programme can break down at the point of transmission. Relationships with Colleagues Emotional attachment to colleagues in the workplace is an important element of commitment, though It is not enough on its own. Unless there is occasion for frequent and rewarding interaction, stronger feelings of belonging that can bind employees to the organization are unlikely to emerge. Organizations that want to build high levels of commitment should look for ways to build this through group activities both in and out of work Group Membership To build commitment, being a member of a particular organization must not only satisfy employees social need to affiliate and belong, but must also create a sense of collective identity that differentiates the group from other organizations. There are many situational features that contribute to a sense of group membership. The more exposure that employees have to these features, the more likely they will be to feel like a part of the group and to incorporate that membership into their concept of who they are. Organizational Justice and Trust It is also argued that employees evaluate their experiences at work in terms of whether they are fair and reflect a concern on the part of the organization for the well- being of the employees (Meyer, 1997). Treating employees fairly, communicates the message that management is commitment to the employees. This suggests that organizations wanting to foster greater commitment from their employees must first provide evidence of their commitment to their employees. When there is trust, employees are willing to suspend judgement and defer to the authority of others. In addition, trust permits organizational flexibility because a payback need be neither immediate nor of equivalent value. OMalley (2000) identifies four areas in which employees sense of trust in the employer can be increased: i. Growth: As most employees want to be more proficient in their job, a good way to instil trust is to attend to employees development needs. ii. Work-Life balance: Most employees would like organizations to allow greater personal time when needed. iii. Individual accommodation: Acts of organizational flexibility or benevolence toward employees. iv. Health and Safety: Organizations that are committed to protecting employees health and safety are more likely to be trusted Promotion Policies and practices concerning promotion can also affect commitment. . Among those who are considered for promotion, the outcome of the decision is likely to have an effect on commitment. But, for some, the perception of fairness in the decision-making process might be even more important. This suggests that organizations should communicate clearly how their decisions were made and why those who did not succeed were not suitable. Work-Life Balance A key issue emphasized by research, especially in recent years, is the extent to which employees perceive they are able to achieve the right balance between home and work. Organizations are beginning to recognize this, and are making more concerted efforts to introduce a host of programmes intended to ease employees burdens. These include initiative such as: flexible work arrangements; child care; time off policies; elderly care; healthcare; information and counseling; and convenience services to name but a few. Job Satisfaction How happy an employee is in a job has profound effects on behaviour and commitment. In relation to commitment, job satisfaction and work-life satisfaction are very important. Job satisfaction is an enormous area; however, to be concise a satisfying job typically has three properties: i. It has intrinsically enjoyable features: Mathieu Zajac (1990) found that the strongest correlation with commitment were obtained for job characteristics, particularly job scope (enrichment). ii. It provides an opportunity for growth and development. iii. It makes employees feel effective in their roles (that they can positively influence organizational outcomes). Pay and Reward As mentioned previously, employees may remain with an organization because there are constraints against leaving and incentives for staying. It is important for organizations to structure the economics of the relationship in a way that will not obstruct commitment. One of the reasons to stay in a relationship is because it makes sense economically. Pay makes continuation of the employment relationship worthwhile because there is mutual dependence. PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT Schein cited by (Armstrong 2005) defines commitment as attachment and loyalty Psychological contract is the degree people are committed to the organization (Schein 1965). It depends on 1. The degree to which their own expectations of what the organization will provide to them and what they owe the organization in return matches what the organization expectations are of what it will give and get in return The nature of what is actually to be exchanged e.g. money in exchange for time at work , social need satisfaction and security in exchange for hard work and loyalty Armstrong (2004) defines psychological contract as a system of beliefs which encompasses on one hand the actions employees belief are expected of them and what response they expect in return from their employer and on the other hand the behavior employers expect from their employees. It is implicit and dynamic ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT IN DEVELOPING EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT, (ARMSTRONG) 2005 1. During recruitment interviews present the unfavorable as well as the favorable aspects of a job in a realistic job preview.- This will enable the candidate have a clear and achievable expectation of the organization and thus avoid setting very high expectations that the organization is unable to meet,leading to low / decreased commitment 2. In induction programmes communicate to new starters the organizations personnel policies and procedures and its core values indicating to them the standards of performance expected this enables them to remain committed in achieving the expected performance 3. Issue and update employee hand books and intranet entries which reinforce the message delivered in induction programmes. 4. Develop performance management process plans which spell out how continued improvement of performance can be achieved mainly by self managed learning 5. Use training and management development programmes to underpin values that define performance expectations. 6. Ensure thorough manager and team leader training that managers and team leaders understand their role in managing the employment relationship through such processes as performance management and team leadership managers should be very committed so as to pass the same message of commitment to employees. 7. Encourage a maximum amount of contact between managers and team leaders and their team members to achieve mutual understanding. 8. Adopt a general policy of transparency ensuring that on all matters which affect them employees know what is happening and the impact it will make on their employment 9. Develop personal procedures covering grievance handling, discipline , promotion and redundancy. Ensure they are implemented fairly and consistently. 10. Develop and communicate personnel policies covering the major areas of employment, development, reward and employee relations DEVELOPING HR PRACTICES THAT ENHANCE COMMITMENT. According to Armstrong 2005 the following ten (10) practice contribute to increase of employee commitment. 1.Advise in methods of communicating the values and aims of management and achievements of the organization, so that employees are more likely to identify with it as one they are proud to work for. 2.Emphasize to management that commitment is a two way process employees cannot be expected to be committed to the organization unless management demonstrates that it is committed to them. 3.Impress on the management the need to develop a climate of trust by being honest with people, treating them fairly justly and consistently, keeping its word and showing willingness to listen to the comments and suggestions made by employees 4.Develop a positive psychological contract by treating people as stakeholders rely on consensus and cooperation rather than control and coercion and provision of opportunities for learning and career progression. 5.Advise on and assist in the establishment of partnership agreements with trade unions which emphasiz

International Migration Essay -- social issues

International Migration In light of the fact that immigration is an important issue within Canadian society, it is not unusual to find that stories or reports that relate to this topic are always presented in the media. However, this is not only raises questions about what is reported but also about how the information is presented or reported. With this in mind, the purpose of this paper will be to select five articles, which ran from October 23rd, 2004 to November 10th, 2044, that deal with international migration issues in a Canadian context and to provide an analysis and critical evaluation of the articles. This will include an outline of the subject of each article, the newspaper’s treatment of the subject, the implication for public perceptions on the subject as well as a critique of the subject and its treatment. The first article that was selected is entitled â€Å"Gang leaders facing deportation† and it deals with the subjects of ordered to deport the gang leaders of the two rival gang Tamil street gangs and VVT, Sri Lanka, due to their large numbers of memberships in their organization. During the late 1990s, their offences had been encouraged daylight shootouts on highways and residential streets, which made the police, bristle with angers. Police and detectives believe that various crimes are relating to Sittampalam. The significance of the gangs’ crimes is to forbid the increasing of criminal retained, more than 40 men arrested by the police and immigration raid and they needed to wait for appeals on their orders or had their cases dismissed. Lawyer Barbara Jackman stated that there are some significant legal issues about whether Parliament is going to grasp street gangs in organized crime legislation. In Sittampalam’s own defense, he said that he cannot understand why he had been the target of shooting twice in 2001. The gang leaders were having betrayed on the crime organization, also they are not assigned as a citizen; therefore they were ordered to deport from Canada. However, his deportation had to determine on the immigration department official. The important thing is Parliament ordered the decision to the federal immigration court to ruling this case. (Shephard, 2003, p.B2) The result of this study is significant, particularly in light of the image that Canada and the Immigration and Refugee Board have in terms of racialism on imm... ...the issue of professionals coming to Canada and not being able to find work or become licensed is an increasingly important issue, years to years, it would appear that the media does not focus on the question why people would come to Canada without the understanding of existing procedures and processes. Third, at the current time, it is impossible to ignore the fact that international migration issues within a Canadian context have not only been shaped by the â€Å"stories†, the stories reflect our everyday lives. In this respect, international migration issues are often not only important but also often part of a complex dynamic. Bibliography Shephard, Michelle. â€Å"Gang leaders facing deportation,† Toronto Star. Saturday October 23, 2004, p. B2 Keung, Nicholas. â€Å"Immigrants need to get jobs faster, Sgro says,† Toronto Star. Friday October 29, 2004, p. A22 Keung, Nicholas. â€Å"International credentials? Forget the job,† Toronto Star. Thursday, November 4, 2004, p. A4 Ouzounian, Richard. â€Å"Actors superb as misused immigrants,† Toronto Star. Thursday, November 4, 2004, p. A27 Ferenc, Leslie. â€Å"Mother gives back despite hardship,† Toronto Star. Wednesday, November 10, 2004, p.A23

The Mysterious Old Man – Creative Writing

He came like the wind, as it from nowhere. As the gently wind ruffles the placid surface of a still pond, his visit caused small ripples on the smooth surface of the peaceful life that prevailed in our small village. At that time none of us had the foggiest idea of the shape of things to come. Perched on the sea- facing slope of a hill that forms part of a mountain rampart along the seaboard, our village was a perfect haven for anyone who hated modern civilization. It took a half day's walk by a footpath to the nearest town. The march of time has left us behind by a decade. In a way we were happy that the wind of change did not blow in our village. We are contented with life as it is, for it is very much the same as it used to be for centuries. Our village folks were mostly fisherman and peasants. The fertile land and the bounteous sea were very generous towards us in their gifts. There was a village shop keeper who's name was Ahmed, who used to get us few things we needed from the outside world. Visitors from the outside world were few and far between – who would care to visit such a godforsaken place? When occasional visitors came, they inevitably arouse our suspicion and so it was when this strange came. To be frank, there was nothing strange about him. But to the simple folks of our village anyone from the outside world was strange and mysterious. So from the very beginning, we looked upon him with suspicion. He was first seen at Ahmed's shop. Aseem, the coffee shop attendant approached him to ask him what he wanted. Taking his seat, the stranger placed his canvas bag on a table and ordered a cup of coffee. Aseem brought the coffee; while mopping the table, he lifted the canvas bag and placed it on a chair. Two blood-shot eyes that seemed to see through everything transfixed Aseem. â€Å"My bag,† muttered the stranger curtly, â€Å"will remain where I placed it. No one shall touch it.† Aseem just managed to mumble something apologetically. He placed the bag where it was. The stranger sat there, sipping the coffee and puffing a cigar. There were only a few people in the coffee shop then. They all glanced at him through he corners of their eyes as if they did not want him to know that he was being watched. None dared to approach him. They whispered comments – it was certain that the stranger had aroused their curiosity. Meanwhile the stranger sat there, as if he was in a deep though, eyes distant. He was about sixty, lanky of frame with a droop at the shoulders. Having paid for his drink, the stranger went along the foot-path that led towards the nearest town. Those who saw him leaving hoped that they would see no more of him in our village. They were proved wrong; he was there again on the next day and the next. He frequented Aseem's coffee shop; meanwhile news of the stranger figured prominently in the gossip of our village. They all had something to say about him. But opinion varied as to whether his frequent visits were a good omen of bad. Elderly people like Mr. Tan and old Haji were decidedly against it, for â€Å"such strange visitors often bring some misfortune with them,† they argued. It was really startling news to us when we heard that the old man had rented out a room in Madam Ho's house. Madame Ho was a widow; her only son, Chen, the village carpenter went to town in search of work. The old woman was living alone in a three-roomed house. We were a bit puzzled when we heard that the old man was going to stay among us. Mind you, it was not because we had anything against the stranger- it was simply because it meant some change, at least; and we were not used to changes. Days rolled by and once again life in our village returned to normal. As eventless days passed by, life continued to flow with that same unruffled placid quietude, but we did not know that it was the calm before the storm; we did not realize that we were sitting on a dormant volcano. The stranger seldom spoke to any of us. A man of few words, he seemed to move in a plane entirely different from ours. We suspected that there was something shady about him. For one thing, he was very secretive. We knew very little about his movements; not that we cared about it, but how would you feel about a fellow who lived by your side and of whom you knew next to nothing? He used to go out early in the morning – no one knew where to. At sunset, he was back, none knew from where. Like a frightened rabbit, he would look furtively at anyone who was near him and scuttle off from company. A fortnight or so later, two strangers called at Ahmed's shop. They wanted to see a friend of theirs. The description they gave of their friend fitted the old man exactly. Ahmed showed them Madam Ho's house and told them their friend was staying there. â€Å"But it's no use going there now; he has gone out,† Ahmed informed them. This seemed to satisfy the strangers. â€Å"We'll come tomorrow; we know he'll wait for us,† they said and departed. They were lying; they came to see him – that night itself. The next morning our village awoke to witness the bloodiest scene we had ever seen. Murder was committed in Madam Ho's house. The mysterious old man lay in a pool of blood. A ten inch dagger, plunged into his chest, had skewered him to the floor. Utter panic gripped the whole village. Fear and consternation could be seen on every face. Ahmed alone had a head cool enough to act wisely. Having instructed the curious crowd to keep clear away from the dead body, he sent his boy, Sam to the Police Station in the nearest town, but before San reached there, the police were already on the scene. They had caught the scent of the murder somehow or other. The Inspector in charge of the police surveyed the scene of murder with an expert's glance and asked, â€Å"Didn't he have any personal belongings such as a bag or a box?† â€Å"Yes, he used to carry such a canvas bag,† volunteered Ahmed. â€Å"It is missing, but I didn't expect to find it. There is a reward of $5000 for this rascal. Murder was his business. He is the third of the notorious ‘Five Diamonds' to meet with his end. Now, the remaining two who have got away, will slit each other's throat for that canvas bag. It contained a fortune in diamonds and precious stones.

School Uniforms - 1707 Words

SCHOOL UNIFORMS In his hopes to create an atmosphere in our school that promotes discipline and order and learning, President William Jefferson Clinton stated, I believe we should give strong support to school districts that decide to require young students to wear school uniforms. He cited several incidents where students desire for anothers fashionable attire has led to extreme forms of violence (Clinton 1996). This exemplifies one of the many implications of a necessity for school uniforms. Many advocates claim that school uniforms curb violence, limit the potential for gang members to wear representative colors, deter theft, and install students with stronger work ethic and school pride, among many other things. Critics,†¦show more content†¦Behlings results are summarized as follows: - The jean and combination carried the most negative connotations. - Males who dressed in more casual clothing were seen as more likely to suffer from behavioral problems than females dressed in the same clothing. - Contrary to the preceding statement, uniforms made male students look more angelic than female students dressed in uniforms. - Both male and female students dressed in uniforms were rated higher in both current and potential academic ability by teachers and students when compared to male and female students dressed in the jean/jacket combination. Belling describes the collaborative results of this mental perception, that is, students who wear uniforms are perceived to higher academic abilities and lower behavioral problems than those who do not wear uniforms, as a Halo Effect. Other researchers who have cross-studied the Halo Effect support Behling in that the Benefits of uniforms are more perceptual than real (Hinchion-Mancini 1997,p.63) and that uniforms seem to be a way of circumventing, rather than solving the problem of teacher prejudice (Kohn cited in Posner 1996,p.2). This belief that the perceptual benefits of uniforms outweigh the actual benefits is largely documented in the work of David Brunsma. Long Beach, California (Pros) Versus David Brunsma (Cons) Beginning in 1994, the Long Beach Unified School District (CA)Show MoreRelatedSchool Uniforms And Schools Uniforms1211 Words   |  5 PagesSchool uniforms began their revolution in private schools; they represented a unique appearance, and provided a safe environment for the students attending. Private and Catholic schools were clever enough for implementing school uniforms, because without their influence public schools would have not adapted on creating a dress code for students. By introducing school uniforms in school policies they have managed to impact students learning environment in reducing stress, changing students’ behaviorRead MoreUniforms in School726 Words   |  3 PagesThe standard issue school uniform of khaki, navy and white once exclusive to the private parochial institutions is becoming a common requirement in public schools across the nation. This trend that was first suggested for public schoo ls in 1980 by then D. C. mayor, Marion Barry, to help diminish the social stigma of low income students has grown significantly in both numbers and reasons (Lawrence, 2013). In 2010, it was reported by the National Center for Education Statistics, that nearly 19% ofRead MoreSchools and Uniforms733 Words   |  3 PagesSchool Uniforms Uniforms in schools are a big debate around the world. Should we have uniforms in schools? The answer is yes because uniform help the schools. They bring to table a great deal of help because students are getting bullied, killed, and some may not have as much as other when shopping for clothes. Having uniforms bring safety to schools and what goes on after school. Why do we need uniforms? Most student have their own style, but a common argument against school uniforms is thatRead MoreSchool Uniform And School Uniforms937 Words   |  4 PagesSchool Uniform School uniforms keep students focused on their education not in their clothings. When all students are wearing the same outfit, they are less concerned about how they look and how they fit in with their peers. It’s easier for parent and students do not spend time choosing appropriate outfit for school day. It helps students can only concentrate on their schoolwork. Education is one of the big institutions for every kid that go to school. 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The importance of making friends, working as a team- we learn all these in school. And wearing the same dress definitely brings a sense of unity among students. In every school there are students from different backgrounds butRead MoreSchool Uniforms: Yes or No?2109 Words   |  9 Pages3 March 2011 School Uniforms: A Non-Military Proposal for Swedens Students The word school uniform has negative connotations for many people. It makes them think of war, of soldier, of death, brainwashed airheads doing exactly the same as everybody else. It makes them think of reformed, collectivized groups of people with no personal identity. There are, however, reasons for the existence of the uniform; one of them being, as the name suggests, the purpose of uniting. At schools all around theRead MoreDress Codes And School Uniforms1248 Words   |  5 Pagesembarrassing than being dress coded at school? 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